BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tibia fracture is one of the most common long bone fractures in body and primary treatment of open fracture always worries surgeons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment of open tibia fractures by FLEXIBLE medullary nailing.METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 44 patients suffering from open tibial fractures treated with FLEXIBLE medullary nails in Shahid Beheshti and Yahyanejad hospitals from 1998-2001. In this study with limited incision, fixation of open fractures (gustilo type I to type IIIA) was done by 2-3 nails (3mm or 3.5mm). Demographic information associated with variables such as infection, for 1.5 years followed up in patients and data was analyzed by ANOVA test.FINDINGS: Mean age of patients was 29.8 years and 37(84.1%) patients were male. The average time of union was 6.1 months. There were 2(4.5%) patients with deep infection and 7(15.9%) with superfacial infection. Delayed union was seen in 4(9.1%) patients and malunion was seen in 1(2.3%) patient and there was not non-union.CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that FLEXIBLE medullary nailing is a reliable method for treatment of open tibia fractures.

In this paper the traditional and state-of-the-art educational methods and experience in teaching of power electronic devices for undergraduate students are described. The main attention is dedicated to possibilities how to improve the study using e-learning methods. The interactive screens with animations created for better understanding features of power semiconductor devices are presented.

In the era of "professional work and rapidity of its performance", it is very important to note that the players should know the principles, rules and regulations of the game very well. It should be noted that there is a complete difference between working more intelligently and working more or harder. An intelligent work means the maximum usage of possibilities, equipment and time; The latter is the most important among all. The article is a realistic view over this subject; In fact it is the result of the study, research and finally the expertise sessions held by the elite in this field ( for three years) with the presence of different car ELECTRONICS in not too long ago. The aim of this article is not to open up the theoretical backgrounds, but it is going to provide a perspective, though briefly, in the field of car ELECTRONICS and utilizing the patterns in their suitable stand in order to make this view practical (from ELECTRONICS point of view , suggested methods for upgrading homemade car production).Nowadays, governments are trying to control the amount of toxic, dangerous and harmful pollutants production by the ecology rules and regulations. Of course, in these societies, considering their limited resources in huge economy, it is an undeniable necessity to save as much fuel as possible from one side, and considering the possibility of satellite connection and suitable communication infrastructures, a car is not taken as a mere transport means from the other side.